REPRODUKSI OTORITAS HABAIB DI INDONESIA: Analisis Habitus, Modal, Arena, dan Doxa Pierre Bourdieu
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Abstract
Abstract: This study aims to explain how the religious authority of the habaib in Indonesia is reproduced through social and symbolic mechanisms. The focus of the study is directed at the question of how Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, capital, arena, and doxa can be used to understand the reproduction of the religious authority of the habaib in Indonesian Muslim society. This study analyzes the symbolic strategies and social practices implemented by the habaib group in maintaining and expanding their claims to religious authority. The approach used is qualitative with library research methods, with Pierre Bourdieu's works as primary sources and scientific literature related to the habaib and religious authority as secondary sources. The results show that religious practices such as haul, pilgrimage, shalawat assembly, taklim assembly, and the use of genealogical symbols form a religious habitus that functions to convert symbolic, cultural, and social capital into legitimacy of authority. In the competitive arena of religious authority, this process is reinforced through the production of doxa, so that the authority of the habaib is accepted as a religious truth that appears natural and sustainable in the collective consciousness of the community.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan bagaimana otoritas keagamaan habaib di Indonesia direproduksi melalui mekanisme sosial dan simbolik. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada pertanyaan bagaimana konsep habitus, modal, arena, dan doxa Pierre Bourdieu dapat digunakan untuk memahami reproduksi otoritas keagamaan habaib di tengah masyarakat Muslim Indonesia. Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi simbolik dan praksis sosial yang dijalankan kelompok habaib dalam mempertahankan serta memperluas klaim otoritas keagamaannya. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan metode studi pustaka (library research), dengan karya-karya Pierre Bourdieu sebagai sumber primer serta literatur ilmiah terkait habaib dan otoritas keagamaan sebagai sumber sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik keagamaan seperti haul, ziarah, majelis shalawat, majelis taklim, dan penggunaan simbol genealogis membentuk habitus keagamaan yang berfungsi mengonversi modal simbolik, budaya, dan sosial menjadi legitimasi otoritas. Dalam arena otoritas keagamaan yang kompetitif, proses tersebut diperkuat melalui produksi doxa, sehingga otoritas habaib diterima sebagai kebenaran religius yang tampak alamiah dan berkelanjutan dalam kesadaran kolektif umat.
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References
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Schirone, Marco. “Field, Capital, and Habitus: The Impact of Pierre Bourdieu on Bibliometrics.” Quantitative Science Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 186–208.
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Surur, Aziz Miftahus. “Status Sosial Kemasyarakatan Habaib Dalam Perspektif Hadis Nabi Dan Hukum Syariah.” Al-Tawir 10, no. 2 (2023): 147–156.
Susanto, Dedy. “Pola Strategi Dakwah Komunitas Habaib Di Kampung Melayu Semarang.” Dimas 14, no. 1 (2014): 159–185.
Tenri, La Ode Muhammad Rauda Agus Udaya Manarfa Muhammad Aris Arditya Prayogi Hartini Amin Andi, Kuflia Muak Hara Kartika Sari Tesaannisa, and La Ode Abdul Munafi Wa Ode Rohmiati Mandati. Teori Sosiologi. Edited by Waode Munaeni Hamidin Rasulu. CV Eureka Media Aksara. 1st ed. Purbalingga: CV. EUREKA MEDIA AKSARA, 2021.
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Abu Yazid Adnan Quthny, and Ahmad Muzakki. “Urgensi Nasab Dalam Islam Dan Silsilah Nasab Habaib Di Indonesia.” Asy-Syari’ah : Jurnal Hukum Islam 7, no. 2 (2021): 131–151.
Alatas, Ismail Fajrie, Muhammad As’ad, and Fathurrochman Karyadi. “Sejarah Hubungan Habaib Dan Nahdlatul Ulama (NU).” Tebuireng: Journal of Islamic Studies and Society 2, no. 2 (2022): 87–101.
Assyakurrohim, Dimas, Dewa Ikhram, Rusdy A Sirodj, and Muhammad Win Afgani. “Case Study Method in Qualitative Research.” Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Komputer 3, no. 01 (2022): 1–9.
Aziz Miftahus Surur, Muhammad Anfa’u. “Memudarnya Otoritas Keagamaan? (Polemik Nasab Habaib Di Kalangan Pondok Pesantren Al-Nahdliyin).” Asy-Syari’ah : Jurnal Hukum Islam 10, no. 1 (February 16, 2024): 33–47.
Blackwell, Wiley. Concise Reader in Sociological Theory: Theorists, Concepts, and Curren Applications. Edited by Michele Dillon. 1st ed. New Jersey: Jhon Wiley & Son LtdL, 2021.
Deal, William E., and Timothy K. Beal. Theory for Religious Studies. Theory for Religious Studies. 1st ed. New: Routledge, 2004.
Fatmawati, Nur Ika. “Pierre Bourdieu Dan Konsep Dasar Kekerasan Simbolik.” Madani Jurnal Politik dan Sosial Kemasyarakatan 12, no. 1 (2020): 41–60.
Fauziah, Diva Lailatul. “Perspektif Imam Malik Dan Imam Syafi’i Tentang Kafa’ah Nasab Terhadap Pernikahan Syarifah Dengan Kalangan Non Sayyid.” Hikmatina: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum Keluarga Islam 4, no. 2 (2022): 23.
Firmansyah, Moch, and Moch Fuad Nasvian. “Dakwah ‘Pemuda Tersesat: Gaya Bahasa Dakwah Habib Ja’far Al Hadar.’” JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan 5, no. 5 (2022): 1525–1533.
Grenfell, Michael. Pierre Bourdieu: Agent Provocateur. Edited by Michael Grenfell. 1st ed. London: Continuum, 2004.
Hamzah, Amir. Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan (Library Research) Kajian Filosofis, Teoretis, Aplikasi, Proses, Dan Hasil Penelitian. Edited by ----. Malang: Literasi Nusantara Abadi, 2020.
Holton, Robert. “Bourdieu and Common Sense.” SubStance 26, no. 3 (June 17, 1997): 38–52.
Imam Sadili, Ashraf M. Zedan. “Metode Dakwah Abdullah Bin Alawi Al-Haddad Dalam Kitab Al-Da‘Wah Al-Tammah Wa Al-Tadzkirah Al-‘Ammah Dan Kesanya Di Jawa Timur, Indonesia.” ALBASIRAH JOURNAL 11, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 31–43.
Jamaludin, Muhamad, Nur Sa’idah, Firdaus, and Muhammad Hisyam Malik. “Hybrid Authority Management of Nasab-Based Religious Leadership among the Habaib in Indonesia: Tradition, Modernity, and Digital Transformation.” HEUTAGOGIA: Journal of Islamic Education 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2024): 269–286.
Melania Shinta Harendika. “PIERRE-FELIX BOURDIEU’S PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS IN LITERARY STUDIES.” LiNGUA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra 18, no. 1 (2023): 82–92.
Mohammad Fattahun Ni’am. “Menakar Kembali Otoritas Ulama: Antara Kesalehan Dan Komodifikasi Agama.” Jurnal Kajian Islam Interdisipliner 8, no. 2 (2023): 135–160.
Muhammad, Ferhadz Ammar. “Perebutan Otoritas Keagamaan : Persaingan Kekuasaan Dibalik Debat Nasab Ba ’ Alawi.” Politea : Jurnal Pemikiran Politik Islam 7, no. 1 (2024).
Ningtyas, Eka. “PIERRE BOURDIEU, LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLIC POWER.” Poetika: Jurnal Ilmu Sastra 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2015).
Randani, Yulia Nafa Fitri, Jalimah Zulfah Latuconsina, and Mukhsin Achmad. “KONTESTASI OTORITAS AGAMA (STUDI KASUS : FENOMENA WAR DI FACEBOOK DAN INSTAGRAM DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP INTERNAL UMAT ISLAM).” At-Thullab : Jurnal Mahasiswa Studi Islam 4, no. 1 (June 2, 2022): 1008–1023.
Ribka Stevany. “Indonesia Menjadi Negara Dengan Populasi Muslim Terbesar Di Dunia.” Rri.Co.Id. Last modified March 5, 2025. Accessed June 17, 2025. https://www.rri.co.id/lain-lain/1369340/indonesia-menjadi-negara-dengan-populasi-muslim-terbesar-di-dunia.
Roby, Aba Fahmi, Fakultas Syariah, and Iain Jember E-mail. “Konsep Kafa ’ Ah : Studi Pandangan Habaib Di Kabupaten Jember.” Rechtenstudent Journal 1, no. December (2020): 293–301.
Sallaz, Jeffrey J., and Jane Zavisca. “Bourdieu in American Sociology, 1980-2004.” Annual Review of Sociology 33 (2007): 21–41.
Schirone, Marco. “Field, Capital, and Habitus: The Impact of Pierre Bourdieu on Bibliometrics.” Quantitative Science Studies 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2023): 186–208.
Setiarso, Gunawan. “Legitmasi Nasab Dan Strategi Dakwah Habib Ba ’ Alwi Dalam Perspektif Muhammadiyah.” MASTERPIECE: Journal of Islamic Studies and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (2025): 216–224.
Supriyono Purwosautro, Maryanto Maryanto. “ANALISIS KONSTRUKSI KEKERASAN SOSIAL MENURUT PEMIKIRAN PIERRE-FELIX BOURDIEU.” MAJALAH LONTAR 34, no. 2 (August 20, 2022): 55–66.
Surur, Aziz Miftahus. “Status Sosial Kemasyarakatan Habaib Dalam Perspektif Hadis Nabi Dan Hukum Syariah.” Al-Tawir 10, no. 2 (2023): 147–156.
Susanto, Dedy. “Pola Strategi Dakwah Komunitas Habaib Di Kampung Melayu Semarang.” Dimas 14, no. 1 (2014): 159–185.
Tenri, La Ode Muhammad Rauda Agus Udaya Manarfa Muhammad Aris Arditya Prayogi Hartini Amin Andi, Kuflia Muak Hara Kartika Sari Tesaannisa, and La Ode Abdul Munafi Wa Ode Rohmiati Mandati. Teori Sosiologi. Edited by Waode Munaeni Hamidin Rasulu. CV Eureka Media Aksara. 1st ed. Purbalingga: CV. EUREKA MEDIA AKSARA, 2021.
Wuriyani, Elly Prihasti. “MENGENALKAN PEMIKIRAN PIERRE BOURDIEU UNTUK SASTRA.” EDUKASI KULTURA JURNAL BAHASA SASTRA DAN BUDAYA 7, no. 2 (2020).